PHILIPPINES

Arrest of Rodrigo Duterte: A Step Towards Accountability

On March 11, 2025, former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte was arrested at Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport on an International Criminal Court (ICC) warrant for crimes against humanity. This development marks a significant milestone in the ICC's over eight-year investigation into the thousands of deaths linked to Duterte's "war on drugs”.

The "war on drugs" was a key policy and rhetoric of the Duterte administration. Human rights organizations estimate almost 30,000 deaths. This campaign was characterized by widespread allegations of police misconduct, extrajudicial executions, and the erosion of due process, leaving thousands of families seeking justice.

The ICC began investigating Duterte in 2018 over allegations of widespread extrajudicial killings during his anti-drug campaign. Despite the Philippines' withdrawal from the ICC in 2019, the court continued its probe, maintaining jurisdiction over crimes committed before the withdrawal.

Reactions to the Arrest and Political Implications

The arrest has been hailed by local politicians, and various human rights organizations as a crucial step toward justice. Leila de Lima, a former senator and human rights defender who was imprisoned under Duterte’s administration on what many viewed as politically motivated charges, described the arrest as a deeply personal moment. De Lima emphasized that it is not about revenge but about accountability for the victims and their families.

The arrest comes amidst a deteriorating relationship between Duterte and incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Initially opposed to ICC cooperation, Marcos later shifted his stance as his alliance with the Duterte family fractured. While his administration has indicated it will cooperate with the ICC if requested, it remains uncertain whether he will approve Duterte's extradition to The Hague.

A Victory for Human Rights and the International Order

Duterte's arrest marks a significant moment in the global pursuit of accountability for those in power. It highlights the crucial role of international institutions like the ICC in ensuring that leaders do not escape justice, even when national governments may be unwilling or unable to act. As the legal process unfolds, it will be imperative to monitor developments closely—not only for their impact on the Philippines but also as a testament to the strength of international justice mechanisms in upholding human rights, the rule of law, and democratic values worldwide.

Dr. Almut Besold heads the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom's office in the Philippines.

Danika Sarion is a former employee of the local office.